PEDEN, ALEXANDER (1626?-!686), covenanter, was born in or about 1626, according to some at the farm of Auchencloich, Ayrshire, and according to others in a small cottage near Sorn Castle, Ayrshire. In any case his father was in fairly good circumstances, being on terms of intimacy with the Boswells, lairds of Auchinleck. Peden attended the university of Glasgow; his name spelt Peathine is entered in the fourth class in 1648 (scot,FastiEccles.Scot. i. 765). Some time after this he became schoolmaster, precentor, and session clerk at Tarbolton, Ayrshire, and subsequently was, according to Wodrow, employed in a like capacity at Fenwick, Ayrshire. As he was about to receive license to preach from the presbytery of Ayr a young woman accused him of being the father of a child to her, but her statement was finally proved to be false. On account of the 'surfeit of grief that the woman then gave him Peden, according to Patrick Walker, made a vow never to marry. The young woman,Walker also states, committed suicide on the spot where Peden had spent twentyfour hours in prayerand meditation regarding the accusation.
In 1660 Peden was ordained minister at New Luce, Galloway; but having refused to comply with the acts of parliament, 11 June, and of the privy council, 1 Oct. 1662, requiring all who had been inducted since 1649 to obtain a new presentation from the lawful patron and have collation from the bishop of the diocese, letters were directed against him and twenty other ministers of Galloway,
24 Feb. 1663,for 'labouring to keep the hearts of the people from the present government in church and state,' and he was ordered to appear before the privy council on that day month to answer for his conduct. Failing to do so, he was ejected from his living. Ile preached his farewell sermon from Acts xv. 31, 32, occupying the pulpit till night, and as he closed the pulpit-door on leaving it, he knocked on the door three times with his Bible, saying, ' I arrest thee in my Father's name that none enter thee but such as come in by the door as I have done,' a prohibition which is said to have been effectual in preventing the intrusion of any' indulged 'minister, the pulpit remaining vacant until the Revolution.
After his ejectment Peden began to preach at covenanting conventicles in different parts of the south of Scotland, obtaining by his figurative and oracular style of address and his supposed prophetical gifts an extraordinary influence over the peasantry, which was further increased by his hardships, perils, andnumerous hairbreadth escapes. On 25 Jan. 1665 letters were directed against him for keeping conventicles, and, as he disregarded the summons to appear before the council, he was declared a rebel and forfeited. He continued, however, to remain in the country, holding conventicles whenever opportunity presented. Patrick Walker states that he joined with that' honest and zealous handful, in the year 1666, that was broken at Pentland Hills (on 28 Nov.), and came the length of Clyde with them, where he had a melancholy view of their end, and parted with them there.' He was excepted out of the proclamation of pardon on 1 Oct. 1667, and in December all persons ' were discharged and inhibited to harbour, reset, supply, correspond with or conceal' him and others concerned in the late rebellion. For greater safety he therefore passed over to Ireland; but having returned in 1673, he was in June apprehended by Major Cockburn in the house of Hugh Ferguson of Knockdow, Ayrshire, and sent to Edinburgh. After examination before the privy council on the 26th he was imprisoned on the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth. On 9 Oct. 1677 the council ordered him to be liberated from the Bass, on condition that he bound himself to depart forth of Britain, and not to return under pain of being held pro con/esso to have been at Pentland. He does not appear to have complied with this condition, but was shortly afterwards removed to the Tolbooth, Edinburgh. While there he on 14 Nov. petitioned the council to be liberated, and permitted to go to Ireland. Instead of granting the request the council
in December ordered that he and certain others should be transported to the plantations in Virginia, and be discharged from ever again returning to Scotland. They were therefore shipped from Leith to London; but Peden, according to Patrick Walker, comforted his fellow prisoners by the declaration that' the ship was not yet built'that would take him or them ' to Virginia or any other plantation in America.' And so at last it turned out; for the captain of the ship chartered to convey them to Virginia, on learning that they were not convicts of the class to which he was accustomed, but persons banished on account of their religious beliefs, refused to take them on board, and they were set at liberty. Peden returned to Scotland in June of the following year, and went thence to Ireland. He was in Ayrshire again in 1680, and after performing the marriage ceremony of John Brown (1627P-1685) [q. v.], the 'Christiancarrier,'in 1682, went back to Ireland. He returned to Ayrshire in 1685, and preached his last sermon at Colinswood at the water of Ayr. His privations and anxieties had gradually undermined his health, and, resolving to spend his last days in his native district, he found shelter in a cave on the banks of the river Ayr, nearSorn. Havinga presentiment that he had not many hours to live, he one evening left the cave and went to his brother's house at Sorn, where he died on 28 Jan. 1686. Before his death he had an interview with James Renwick [q. v.], and the two became fully reconciled. Peden was buried in the Boswell aisle in the parish church of Auchinleck; but forty days after the burial a troop of dragoons came, and, lifting the corpse, carried it two miles to Cumnock gallows, intending to hang it up there in chains. Finding it impossible to do so, they buried it at the gallows' foot. After the Revolution the inhabitantsof the parish of Cumnock, in token of their esteem for Peden, abandoned their ancient burial-place, and formed a new one round the gallows hill.
Peden's fame as a prophet was perpetuated among the peasants of the south of Scotland by the collection of his prophecies, with instances of their fulfilment, made by Patrick Walker. He was the most famed and revered of all the Scottish covenanting preachers. ' The Lord's Trumpet sounding an Alarm against Scotland by Warning of a Bloody Sword; being the substance of a Preface and two Prophetical Sermons preached at Glenluce, Anno 1682, by that great Scottish Prophet, Mr. Alexander Peden, late Minister of the Gospel at New Glenluce in Galloway,' was published at Glasgow in 1739, and reprinted in 1779.
[The Life and Prophecies of Alexander Peden by Patrick Walker has been frequently reprinted; see also Histories of Kirkton and Wodrow ; Howie's Scottish Worthies; New Statistical Account of Scotland; Hew Scot's Fasti Eccles. Scot. i. 168; Scott's Old Mortality, note 18; Watson's Life and Times of Peden, Glasjrow, 1881.] T. F. H.
PEDLEY, ROBERT (1760-1841), eccentric author. [See Devebell.]
PEDROG (f. 550?), British saint, commemorated on 4 June, was the founder of the ancient church of Bodmin, where his relics were long preserved. The life in ' Acta Sanctorum' (June, i. 400-1), previously printed by Capgrave (Noca Legenda Anglia:, p. 266), is meagre and of no authority. We only learn from it that Pedrog was ' natione Cumber' (i.e. a Welshman), and of royal birth. On the death of his father he declined the succession to the crown, and, with sixty companions, retired to a monastery. After studying in Ireland for twenty years, he spent another thirty in monastic seclusion iu Britain. Then ho visited Rome, Jerusalem, and India, living for seven years on a desert island in the Indian Ocean. He returned to Western Britain, and ultimately died there on 4 June. The Life of St. Cadoc in' CambroBritish Saints' (pp. 22-3), which was apparently written about 1070, so far confirms this account as to make Pedrog a son of King Glywys of (what is now) Glamorgan, who did not take his share of the royal inheritance with his brothers, but served God at 'Botmenei' in Cornwall, where a great monasterv was afterwards founded in hishonour. The Hofod MS. of ' Bonedd y Saint,' however, and other manuscripts of the same class call Pedrog the son of ' Clemens tywysog o Gernyw' (i.e. a prince from Cornwall) (Mycyrian Archceology, 2nd edit. pp. 416, 429; Cambro-British Saints, p. 267).
Pedrog is called by Fuller ' the captain of the Cornish saints,' and the number of dedications to him in Devonshire and Cornwall show that his name was widely revered in the district. He is the patron saint of Bodmin, Padstow, Trevalga, and Little Petherick in Cornwall, and of West Anstey, South Brent, Clannaborough, St. Petrock's, Exeter, Hollacombe, Lidford, and Newton St. Petrock in Devonshire. Llanbedrog, Carnarvonshire, and St. Petrox, Pembrokeshire, are also dedicated to him. He was, moreover, honoured, as St. Perreux, in the monastery of St. M£en in Brittany, and in 1177 the monks of St. Meen made an unsuccessful attempt to obtain possession of his relics (rog. Hov. sub anno).
[Acta Sanctorum, 4 June; Cambro-British Saints; Rees's Welsh Saints; Stanton's Menology of England and Wales, 1887; Boase in Diet. of Christian Biography.] J. E. L.
PEEBLES or PEBLIS, DAVID (d. 1579), musician, was one of the canons of St. Andrews before the Reformation. In 1530 he set' Si quis diliget me' as a motet for five voices, and presented it to James V. Thomas Wood, who in 1566 (and again in 1592) copied out the famous St. Andrews harmonised psalter, recorded that the tunes were ' Set in iiii partes be a Notable cunning man, David Peables i. s., Noted and VVretin.' The words ' Noted and Wretin' suggest that Peebles had also versified the psalter. Some of the other pieces which Wood included in his collection are also by Peebles. David Laing, who wrote an admirable account of Wood's part-books, could not give a complete example, as the contratenor volume was then missing from both of Wood's copies ; all the treble and bass volumes, and one of the tenors, are at Edinburgh, and a supplementary volume is at Dublin. One of the missing contratenors, bound with a second copy of the supplement, has since been acquired by the British Museum (Addit. MS. 33933); it is, unfortunately, defective, but most of the psalter can now be completed by its help, and the result proves Peebles to have possessed great skill in pure diatonic harmony. He died in December 1579. During the short-lived episcopalian establishment set up by Charles I, Edward Miller, canon of Holyrood, published in 1635 a harmonised psalter, declaring that the settings were by ' the primest musicians that ever this kingdome had, as John Deane Angus, Blackhall, Smith, Peebles, Sharp, Black, Buchan, and others, famous for their skill in this kind.'
[David Laing's Account of the St. Andrews Psalter of 1566, Edinburgh, 1871; Addit. MS. 33933 ; Grove's Diet. of Music and. Musicians, iii. 441.] H. D.
In 1660 Peden was ordained minister at New Luce, Galloway; but having refused to comply with the acts of parliament, 11 June, and of the privy council, 1 Oct. 1662, requiring all who had been inducted since 1649 to obtain a new presentation from the lawful patron and have collation from the bishop of the diocese, letters were directed against him and twenty other ministers of Galloway,
24 Feb. 1663,for 'labouring to keep the hearts of the people from the present government in church and state,' and he was ordered to appear before the privy council on that day month to answer for his conduct. Failing to do so, he was ejected from his living. Ile preached his farewell sermon from Acts xv. 31, 32, occupying the pulpit till night, and as he closed the pulpit-door on leaving it, he knocked on the door three times with his Bible, saying, ' I arrest thee in my Father's name that none enter thee but such as come in by the door as I have done,' a prohibition which is said to have been effectual in preventing the intrusion of any' indulged 'minister, the pulpit remaining vacant until the Revolution.
After his ejectment Peden began to preach at covenanting conventicles in different parts of the south of Scotland, obtaining by his figurative and oracular style of address and his supposed prophetical gifts an extraordinary influence over the peasantry, which was further increased by his hardships, perils, andnumerous hairbreadth escapes. On 25 Jan. 1665 letters were directed against him for keeping conventicles, and, as he disregarded the summons to appear before the council, he was declared a rebel and forfeited. He continued, however, to remain in the country, holding conventicles whenever opportunity presented. Patrick Walker states that he joined with that' honest and zealous handful, in the year 1666, that was broken at Pentland Hills (on 28 Nov.), and came the length of Clyde with them, where he had a melancholy view of their end, and parted with them there.' He was excepted out of the proclamation of pardon on 1 Oct. 1667, and in December all persons ' were discharged and inhibited to harbour, reset, supply, correspond with or conceal' him and others concerned in the late rebellion. For greater safety he therefore passed over to Ireland; but having returned in 1673, he was in June apprehended by Major Cockburn in the house of Hugh Ferguson of Knockdow, Ayrshire, and sent to Edinburgh. After examination before the privy council on the 26th he was imprisoned on the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth. On 9 Oct. 1677 the council ordered him to be liberated from the Bass, on condition that he bound himself to depart forth of Britain, and not to return under pain of being held pro con/esso to have been at Pentland. He does not appear to have complied with this condition, but was shortly afterwards removed to the Tolbooth, Edinburgh. While there he on 14 Nov. petitioned the council to be liberated, and permitted to go to Ireland. Instead of granting the request the council
in December ordered that he and certain others should be transported to the plantations in Virginia, and be discharged from ever again returning to Scotland. They were therefore shipped from Leith to London; but Peden, according to Patrick Walker, comforted his fellow prisoners by the declaration that' the ship was not yet built'that would take him or them ' to Virginia or any other plantation in America.' And so at last it turned out; for the captain of the ship chartered to convey them to Virginia, on learning that they were not convicts of the class to which he was accustomed, but persons banished on account of their religious beliefs, refused to take them on board, and they were set at liberty. Peden returned to Scotland in June of the following year, and went thence to Ireland. He was in Ayrshire again in 1680, and after performing the marriage ceremony of John Brown (1627P-1685) [q. v.], the 'Christiancarrier,'in 1682, went back to Ireland. He returned to Ayrshire in 1685, and preached his last sermon at Colinswood at the water of Ayr. His privations and anxieties had gradually undermined his health, and, resolving to spend his last days in his native district, he found shelter in a cave on the banks of the river Ayr, nearSorn. Havinga presentiment that he had not many hours to live, he one evening left the cave and went to his brother's house at Sorn, where he died on 28 Jan. 1686. Before his death he had an interview with James Renwick [q. v.], and the two became fully reconciled. Peden was buried in the Boswell aisle in the parish church of Auchinleck; but forty days after the burial a troop of dragoons came, and, lifting the corpse, carried it two miles to Cumnock gallows, intending to hang it up there in chains. Finding it impossible to do so, they buried it at the gallows' foot. After the Revolution the inhabitantsof the parish of Cumnock, in token of their esteem for Peden, abandoned their ancient burial-place, and formed a new one round the gallows hill.
Peden's fame as a prophet was perpetuated among the peasants of the south of Scotland by the collection of his prophecies, with instances of their fulfilment, made by Patrick Walker. He was the most famed and revered of all the Scottish covenanting preachers. ' The Lord's Trumpet sounding an Alarm against Scotland by Warning of a Bloody Sword; being the substance of a Preface and two Prophetical Sermons preached at Glenluce, Anno 1682, by that great Scottish Prophet, Mr. Alexander Peden, late Minister of the Gospel at New Glenluce in Galloway,' was published at Glasgow in 1739, and reprinted in 1779.
[The Life and Prophecies of Alexander Peden by Patrick Walker has been frequently reprinted; see also Histories of Kirkton and Wodrow ; Howie's Scottish Worthies; New Statistical Account of Scotland; Hew Scot's Fasti Eccles. Scot. i. 168; Scott's Old Mortality, note 18; Watson's Life and Times of Peden, Glasjrow, 1881.] T. F. H.
PEDLEY, ROBERT (1760-1841), eccentric author. [See Devebell.]
PEDROG (f. 550?), British saint, commemorated on 4 June, was the founder of the ancient church of Bodmin, where his relics were long preserved. The life in ' Acta Sanctorum' (June, i. 400-1), previously printed by Capgrave (Noca Legenda Anglia:, p. 266), is meagre and of no authority. We only learn from it that Pedrog was ' natione Cumber' (i.e. a Welshman), and of royal birth. On the death of his father he declined the succession to the crown, and, with sixty companions, retired to a monastery. After studying in Ireland for twenty years, he spent another thirty in monastic seclusion iu Britain. Then ho visited Rome, Jerusalem, and India, living for seven years on a desert island in the Indian Ocean. He returned to Western Britain, and ultimately died there on 4 June. The Life of St. Cadoc in' CambroBritish Saints' (pp. 22-3), which was apparently written about 1070, so far confirms this account as to make Pedrog a son of King Glywys of (what is now) Glamorgan, who did not take his share of the royal inheritance with his brothers, but served God at 'Botmenei' in Cornwall, where a great monasterv was afterwards founded in hishonour. The Hofod MS. of ' Bonedd y Saint,' however, and other manuscripts of the same class call Pedrog the son of ' Clemens tywysog o Gernyw' (i.e. a prince from Cornwall) (Mycyrian Archceology, 2nd edit. pp. 416, 429; Cambro-British Saints, p. 267).
Pedrog is called by Fuller ' the captain of the Cornish saints,' and the number of dedications to him in Devonshire and Cornwall show that his name was widely revered in the district. He is the patron saint of Bodmin, Padstow, Trevalga, and Little Petherick in Cornwall, and of West Anstey, South Brent, Clannaborough, St. Petrock's, Exeter, Hollacombe, Lidford, and Newton St. Petrock in Devonshire. Llanbedrog, Carnarvonshire, and St. Petrox, Pembrokeshire, are also dedicated to him. He was, moreover, honoured, as St. Perreux, in the monastery of St. M£en in Brittany, and in 1177 the monks of St. Meen made an unsuccessful attempt to obtain possession of his relics (rog. Hov. sub anno).
[Acta Sanctorum, 4 June; Cambro-British Saints; Rees's Welsh Saints; Stanton's Menology of England and Wales, 1887; Boase in Diet. of Christian Biography.] J. E. L.
PEEBLES or PEBLIS, DAVID (d. 1579), musician, was one of the canons of St. Andrews before the Reformation. In 1530 he set' Si quis diliget me' as a motet for five voices, and presented it to James V. Thomas Wood, who in 1566 (and again in 1592) copied out the famous St. Andrews harmonised psalter, recorded that the tunes were ' Set in iiii partes be a Notable cunning man, David Peables i. s., Noted and VVretin.' The words ' Noted and Wretin' suggest that Peebles had also versified the psalter. Some of the other pieces which Wood included in his collection are also by Peebles. David Laing, who wrote an admirable account of Wood's part-books, could not give a complete example, as the contratenor volume was then missing from both of Wood's copies ; all the treble and bass volumes, and one of the tenors, are at Edinburgh, and a supplementary volume is at Dublin. One of the missing contratenors, bound with a second copy of the supplement, has since been acquired by the British Museum (Addit. MS. 33933); it is, unfortunately, defective, but most of the psalter can now be completed by its help, and the result proves Peebles to have possessed great skill in pure diatonic harmony. He died in December 1579. During the short-lived episcopalian establishment set up by Charles I, Edward Miller, canon of Holyrood, published in 1635 a harmonised psalter, declaring that the settings were by ' the primest musicians that ever this kingdome had, as John Deane Angus, Blackhall, Smith, Peebles, Sharp, Black, Buchan, and others, famous for their skill in this kind.'
[David Laing's Account of the St. Andrews Psalter of 1566, Edinburgh, 1871; Addit. MS. 33933 ; Grove's Diet. of Music and. Musicians, iii. 441.] H. D.
PEDDIE, JAMES (1758-1845), presbyterian divine, son of James Peddie, a brewer, by his second wife, Ann Rattray, was born at Perth on 10 Feb. 1758. After attending several schools in his native town he entered the university of Edinburgh at the beginning of the winter session of 1 / 75, and two years later became a member of the Secession Divinity Hall, then under the charge of Dr. John Brown of Haddington (1722-1787)
Sq. v.] After being licensed to preach in 1782, letravelled about the country for sometime, supplying pulpits where there was no regular minister. In a notebook he wrote that during the first seven months of his ministry he rode as many hundred miles. Towards the end of 1782, after considerable opposition, he was appointed to the Bristo Street secession chapel in Edinburgh, and continued there until his death.
Peddie for over half a century played an important part in the affairs of the church to which he belonged. He was twice moderator of the synod, first in 1789, and again in 1825 after the two sections into which the secession church had been split were united. From 1791 he was treasurer to the fund for assisting poor outlying congregations for forty-five years, and the other church organisations with which he was associated include the clergymen's widows' fund, of which he was treasurer; the missionary and Scottish missionary societies; the Sunday school and Gaelic school movements. He was also interested in the philanthropic schemes of his day, and was one of the originators, and for years secretary, of the Edinburgh subscription library.
He took a leading, though generally quiet, part in the great theological controversy of his time—the ' Old' and 'New Light' dispute. When at the divinity hall he is said to have opposed the teaching of Dr. Brown, that civil magistrates ought to have power
to interfere in religious matters, and to have upheld the doctrines taught in Locke's ' Toleration,' of which he was a disciple. In 1795 matters reached a crisis in the secession church. Peddie sided with the' new lights' for toleration and liberty; and in the famous Perth congregation lawsuit, which continued from 1799 to 1815, and which decided the legal position of the party to which Peddie belonged, he was untiring in his zeal and energy. In the earlier days of the controversy attempts were made by opponents to associate the ' new lights' with the friends of the French revolution, and the government became suspicious. Peddie promptly communicated with Pitt through Pulteney with such success that shortly afterwards Lord-advocate Dundas referred to them as ' loyal citizens, who had been calumniated.' For his efforts Peddie received the thanks of the synod. But the most effective service which he rendered to his side of the dispute was his spirited reply to an attack by Dr. William Porteous [q. v.] entitled ' The New Light Examined; or Observations on the Proceedings of the Associate Synod against their Own Standards.' Peddie's reply—' A Defence of the Associate Synod against the Charge of Sedition, addressed to William Porteous, D.D.'—' was much admired at the time for its delicate yet keen satire, and the clearness, strength, and elegance of its reasoning. The late Dugald Stewart recommended it to his students as one of the most masterly pieces of classical sarcasm in our language' (kay, Portraits, ed. II. Paton, ii. 352). In 1818 Marischal College, Aberdeen, conferred upon him the degree of D.U. Peddie died in Edinburgh on 11 Oct. 1845.
Peddie was twice married : first, in 1787, to Margaret (d. 1792), eldest daughter of the Rev. George Coventry of Stitchell, Roxburghshire; and, secondly, in 1795, to Barbara, second daughter of Donald Smith, lord provost of Edinburgh, by whom he had nine children. He twice appears in Kay's ' Portraits.'
Besides his pamphlet (supra) in reply to Dr. Porteous, Peddie's published works were chiefly sermons and lectures : 1. ' The Revolution the Work of God and a Cause of Jov,' Edinburgh, 1789. 2. 'The Perpetuity, Advantages, and Universality of the Christian Religion,' Edinburgh, 1796. 3. ' Jehovah's Care to perpetuate the Redeemer's Name,' London, 1809. 4. ' A Practical Exposition of the Book of Jonah, in ten lectures,'Edinburgh, 1842. After his death his son William published his 'Discourses,' Edinburgh, 1846, with a memoir.
From 1797 to 1802 Peddie was one of the editors of the ' Christian Magazine,' and to this and other theological publications he was a frequent contributor. He also edited the posthumous works of Dr. Meikle of Carnwath (Edinburgh, 1801, 1803, 1805, 1807, 1811).
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William Peddie (1805-1893), minister, son of the above, was born on 15 Sept. 1805, and, after passing through the high school and university of Edinburgh, entered the Secession Divinity Hall at Glasgow, and was licensed to preach in May 1827. In October of the following year he was appointed colleague and successor to his father by the Bristo Street congregation. He edited the ' United Presbyterian Magazine' for several years, and was moderator of the synod in 1855. Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1843. His chief interest in the church was in connection with missions in France. Beyond his contributions to periodical literature his only
Eublished work was the prefatory memoir to is father's discourses, Edinburgh, 1846. He celebrated hisjubilee at Bristo Street in 1878, and died, the ' father' of the church, on 23 Feb. 1893.
[Memoir by Dr. William Peddie, prefixed to James Peddie's Discourses, 1846; Kay's Portraits. An obituary of Dr. William Peddie was published in the United Presbyterian Magazine, April 1893.] J. R. M.
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PEDDIE, JOHN (i1. 1840), lieutenantcolonel, entered the army as an ensign in the 38th foot on 26 Sept. 1805. He became lieutenant on 26 Aug. 1807, and went with the first battalion of his regiment to Portugal in 1808. He took part in the action of Rolica, and the battle of Vimiera, in Sir John Moore's advance into Spain, and in the battle of Coruiia. After serving in the Walcheren expedition he returned to Spain in 1812, was present at the battle of Salamanca, and lost his right arm. He was promoted captain on half-pay on 23 Sept. 1813, but was brought buck to full pay in the 97th foot on 25 March 1824,and obtained a majority in the 95th regiment on 16 June 1825. After a further period on half-pay, he became lieutenantcolonel of the 31st foot on 26 Oct. 1830, and of the 72nd highlanders on 20 April 1832, and in the same year he was made a K.H.
In the beginning of 1835 the 72nd, then quartered in Capetown, were ordered to Grahamstown, in consequence of the incursions of the Gaikas, which gave rise to the first Kafhr war. At the end of March the British troops, under Sir Benjamin D'Urban j [q. v.], entered Kaffraria iu several columns. On8 April,' Colonel Peddie, leaving the camp at midnight with four companies of the regiment and the first provisional battalion, ascended the Izolo Berg; and having early on the morning of the 9th divided his forces into two columns, and penetrated the fastnesses of the Isidengi, the Kaffirs, seeing they were attacked on every point, fled in the utmost dismay, and several thousand head of cattle were the reward of this movement ' (Records of the 72nd Regiment, privately printed in 1886, p. 89). In September operations were brought to an end, the Gaika country was annexed as far as the Kei (though the annexation was not ratified till 1846), and the regiment returned to Grahamstown. A town in the newly acquired territory bears the name of Peddie.
On 23 Feb. 1838 Peddie exchanged into the 90th regiment, then stationed in Ceylon. Tbere his health broke down, and he died at Newara Elija in August 1840.[Hart's Army List. 1840 ; Delavoye's Records of the 90th Regiment.] E. M. L.
Sq. v.] After being licensed to preach in 1782, letravelled about the country for sometime, supplying pulpits where there was no regular minister. In a notebook he wrote that during the first seven months of his ministry he rode as many hundred miles. Towards the end of 1782, after considerable opposition, he was appointed to the Bristo Street secession chapel in Edinburgh, and continued there until his death.
Peddie for over half a century played an important part in the affairs of the church to which he belonged. He was twice moderator of the synod, first in 1789, and again in 1825 after the two sections into which the secession church had been split were united. From 1791 he was treasurer to the fund for assisting poor outlying congregations for forty-five years, and the other church organisations with which he was associated include the clergymen's widows' fund, of which he was treasurer; the missionary and Scottish missionary societies; the Sunday school and Gaelic school movements. He was also interested in the philanthropic schemes of his day, and was one of the originators, and for years secretary, of the Edinburgh subscription library.
He took a leading, though generally quiet, part in the great theological controversy of his time—the ' Old' and 'New Light' dispute. When at the divinity hall he is said to have opposed the teaching of Dr. Brown, that civil magistrates ought to have power
to interfere in religious matters, and to have upheld the doctrines taught in Locke's ' Toleration,' of which he was a disciple. In 1795 matters reached a crisis in the secession church. Peddie sided with the' new lights' for toleration and liberty; and in the famous Perth congregation lawsuit, which continued from 1799 to 1815, and which decided the legal position of the party to which Peddie belonged, he was untiring in his zeal and energy. In the earlier days of the controversy attempts were made by opponents to associate the ' new lights' with the friends of the French revolution, and the government became suspicious. Peddie promptly communicated with Pitt through Pulteney with such success that shortly afterwards Lord-advocate Dundas referred to them as ' loyal citizens, who had been calumniated.' For his efforts Peddie received the thanks of the synod. But the most effective service which he rendered to his side of the dispute was his spirited reply to an attack by Dr. William Porteous [q. v.] entitled ' The New Light Examined; or Observations on the Proceedings of the Associate Synod against their Own Standards.' Peddie's reply—' A Defence of the Associate Synod against the Charge of Sedition, addressed to William Porteous, D.D.'—' was much admired at the time for its delicate yet keen satire, and the clearness, strength, and elegance of its reasoning. The late Dugald Stewart recommended it to his students as one of the most masterly pieces of classical sarcasm in our language' (kay, Portraits, ed. II. Paton, ii. 352). In 1818 Marischal College, Aberdeen, conferred upon him the degree of D.U. Peddie died in Edinburgh on 11 Oct. 1845.
Peddie was twice married : first, in 1787, to Margaret (d. 1792), eldest daughter of the Rev. George Coventry of Stitchell, Roxburghshire; and, secondly, in 1795, to Barbara, second daughter of Donald Smith, lord provost of Edinburgh, by whom he had nine children. He twice appears in Kay's ' Portraits.'
Besides his pamphlet (supra) in reply to Dr. Porteous, Peddie's published works were chiefly sermons and lectures : 1. ' The Revolution the Work of God and a Cause of Jov,' Edinburgh, 1789. 2. 'The Perpetuity, Advantages, and Universality of the Christian Religion,' Edinburgh, 1796. 3. ' Jehovah's Care to perpetuate the Redeemer's Name,' London, 1809. 4. ' A Practical Exposition of the Book of Jonah, in ten lectures,'Edinburgh, 1842. After his death his son William published his 'Discourses,' Edinburgh, 1846, with a memoir.
From 1797 to 1802 Peddie was one of the editors of the ' Christian Magazine,' and to this and other theological publications he was a frequent contributor. He also edited the posthumous works of Dr. Meikle of Carnwath (Edinburgh, 1801, 1803, 1805, 1807, 1811).
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William Peddie (1805-1893), minister, son of the above, was born on 15 Sept. 1805, and, after passing through the high school and university of Edinburgh, entered the Secession Divinity Hall at Glasgow, and was licensed to preach in May 1827. In October of the following year he was appointed colleague and successor to his father by the Bristo Street congregation. He edited the ' United Presbyterian Magazine' for several years, and was moderator of the synod in 1855. Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1843. His chief interest in the church was in connection with missions in France. Beyond his contributions to periodical literature his only
Eublished work was the prefatory memoir to is father's discourses, Edinburgh, 1846. He celebrated hisjubilee at Bristo Street in 1878, and died, the ' father' of the church, on 23 Feb. 1893.
[Memoir by Dr. William Peddie, prefixed to James Peddie's Discourses, 1846; Kay's Portraits. An obituary of Dr. William Peddie was published in the United Presbyterian Magazine, April 1893.] J. R. M.
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PEDDIE, JOHN (i1. 1840), lieutenantcolonel, entered the army as an ensign in the 38th foot on 26 Sept. 1805. He became lieutenant on 26 Aug. 1807, and went with the first battalion of his regiment to Portugal in 1808. He took part in the action of Rolica, and the battle of Vimiera, in Sir John Moore's advance into Spain, and in the battle of Coruiia. After serving in the Walcheren expedition he returned to Spain in 1812, was present at the battle of Salamanca, and lost his right arm. He was promoted captain on half-pay on 23 Sept. 1813, but was brought buck to full pay in the 97th foot on 25 March 1824,and obtained a majority in the 95th regiment on 16 June 1825. After a further period on half-pay, he became lieutenantcolonel of the 31st foot on 26 Oct. 1830, and of the 72nd highlanders on 20 April 1832, and in the same year he was made a K.H.
In the beginning of 1835 the 72nd, then quartered in Capetown, were ordered to Grahamstown, in consequence of the incursions of the Gaikas, which gave rise to the first Kafhr war. At the end of March the British troops, under Sir Benjamin D'Urban j [q. v.], entered Kaffraria iu several columns. On8 April,' Colonel Peddie, leaving the camp at midnight with four companies of the regiment and the first provisional battalion, ascended the Izolo Berg; and having early on the morning of the 9th divided his forces into two columns, and penetrated the fastnesses of the Isidengi, the Kaffirs, seeing they were attacked on every point, fled in the utmost dismay, and several thousand head of cattle were the reward of this movement ' (Records of the 72nd Regiment, privately printed in 1886, p. 89). In September operations were brought to an end, the Gaika country was annexed as far as the Kei (though the annexation was not ratified till 1846), and the regiment returned to Grahamstown. A town in the newly acquired territory bears the name of Peddie.
On 23 Feb. 1838 Peddie exchanged into the 90th regiment, then stationed in Ceylon. Tbere his health broke down, and he died at Newara Elija in August 1840.[Hart's Army List. 1840 ; Delavoye's Records of the 90th Regiment.] E. M. L.
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